With copious amounts of free time aboard the cruise ship in Alaska, I read several books, some of which I felt I should have read a long time ago, including 1984 and The Autobiography of Malcolm X. These are truly excellent works of literature and fodder for a future post, but I must comment on the third book I read.
Barbara Leaming’s biography Kennedy: The Education of a Statesman highlights John F. Kennedy’s life in terms of political influence, specifically resulting from his studies of English history and political thought coupled with his admiration for Winston Churchill. Specifically, Kennedy’s praise of Churchill’s audacious stance against 1930’s appeasement policy towards Nazi Germany influenced Kennedy’s 1960 containment policy towards the Soviet Union, especially in regards to Cuba and Vietnam. Kennedy was a true student of history and used lessons from the past to reinforce the decisions of the present.
Donald Rumsfeld tried to do the same with very poor results. Last week at the American Legion annual convention in Salt Lake City, Rumsfeld critically responding to Iraq War pundits by proclaiming that they “seemed not to have learned history’s lessons” and comparing terrorist groups with a “new form of fascism”. Rumsfeld commented:
With the growing lethality and the increasing availability of weapons, can we truly afford to believe that somehow, some way, vicious extremists can be appeased?
Rumsfeld’s overly-simplistic hijack of history is indicative of the current administration’s bungling of the Iraq War and their simpleton rhetoric that has fueled its justification for years. Questioning the Iraq War is tantamount to anti-patriotic activity according to most prominent Republicans, and Rumsfeld’s allusion to Hitler and Nazi Germany is further evidence of polarizing association to further this national divide.
The differences between the 21st Century and the 20th Century are abundant, but a historically critical eye to the 20th Century can immediately see the errors of Rumsfeld’s logic. The bipolar world of the 1960s coupled with the nuclear threat from the Soviet Union paralleled the fragile status quo of the 1930s in the world, where fascist regimes in Berlin, Rome, and Tokyo threatened the stability of the free world. Appeasement of these governments was the result of globally collective fear of another world war, resulting in concessions and broken promises. Six years of war and 60 million people killed resulted in a new world order with two nuclear superpowers. Rinse and repeat. Kennedy understood the similar aspects of his time and actively pursued a direct agenda with his Communist adversaries. That’s why he, despite less than three full years in office, is considered one of the greatest presidents.
But this analogy is only applicable if the conditional restrictions are in tact, and today’s globalized unipolar (or multipolar, as some might argue) world lacks both the structure and the dynamics of the mid-20th Century. No longer do nation states, independent of economic and institutional obligations, pose legitimate threats to one another. Communication and information-sharing creates transparency in global politics, lowering the cost of diplomacy. There is no more room for Cold War political games a la Dr. Strangelove in the Google and Wikipedia age.
The true threat comes from rogue states and global terror networks that threaten the stability of free nations. Rumsfeld is correct in assessing the potential danger these organizations pose, but is incorrect in his method of response. Alienation of global allies, military aggression, and blatant disregard for international law is not the alternative to “appeasement”. The Republican administration needs to reassess their “war on terror” and the Iraq War, specifically in regards to their treatment of political opposition. It’s one thing to be critical of an issue out of hand, and it’s another to establish a witch hunt against pundits.
It’s strangely convenient that I finished the book a few days before Rumsfeld gave his speech. Knowing what I do now as a great admirer of both Kennedy and Churchill, I can certain affirm that Rumsfeld does not belong in such company.